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Class 10 :-
Social :-
*Note - (deleted portions are not covered)
Civics
Chapter 1 Power Sharing.
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Chapter 2 Federalism.
Download HERE
Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste.
Download HERE
Chapter 6 Political Parties.
Download HERE
Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy.
Download HERE
Preview the notes of 1st chapter
Revision Notes
Class 10 - Social Science (Political Science)
Chapter 1 - Power Sharing
Belgium
● Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the Indian state
of Haryana, and has a population of about one crore which is again half of
the population of Haryana.
● It shares its border with France, the Netherlands, Germany, and
Luxembourg.
● Ethnic diversity in this country is very complicated.
● The Dutch language is spoken by 59% of the country's total population,
French is spoken by 40%, and German is spoken by the remaining 1%.
● In Brussels, Belgium's capital, 80% of the population speak French, while
the remaining 20% speak Dutch.
● The rich and powerful minority French-speaking community benefited
from economic development and education.
● These indifferences created tensions between the Dutch-speaking and
French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.
Sri Lanka
● Sri Lanka has a diverse population like Belgium. It is an island nation
having a population of 2 crores, about the same as in the Indian state of
Haryana.
● The largest social groups are the Sinhala-speakers which form 74% and the
Tamil-speakers who form 18% of the total population.
● There are two subgroups of Tamils: those who are native to the country are
known as "Sri Lankan Tamils," while those whose forefathers during the
colonial period came from India as population workers are referred to as
"Indian Tamils."
● A vast majority of Sinhala speakers are Buddhists, while a vast majority of
Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are approximately 7% of Christians
who are both Tamil and Sinhala.
Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka became an independent country in 1948. The Sinhala leaders sought to
secure dominance over the government through their majority.
● An Act was passed in 1956 to recognize Sinhala as the sole official
language of the country.
● In addition, the government used preferential policies to favor Sinhala
applicants for university positions and government jobs. The Sri Lankan
Tamils began to feel alienated as a result of the government's actions.
● A slew of political organizations had emerged by the 1980s, calling for an
independent Tamil Eelam (state) in the country's east and north.
● The mutual distrust between the two communities escalated into
widespread conflict. It rapidly devolved into civil war.
Accommodation in Belgium
The government of Belgium handled the community difference very well.
Belgian leaders amended their constitution four times between 1970 and 1993,
resulting in a new model for government administration. The Belgian model
includes the following elements:
● According to the Constitution, the number of Dutch and French-speaking
ministers in the Central Government must be equal. Some special laws
necessitate the approval of most of the members from each linguistic
group. As a result, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
● The state governments are independent of the Central Government.
● Brussels has a separate government with equal representation for both
communities.
● Community government is the third type of government, in addition to the
central and state governments, that is elected by members of a particular
language-speaking group. This government has authority over cultural,
educational, and language-related issues.
Why is power sharing desirable?
Power-sharing is beneficial because it reduces the likelihood of conflict between
social groups. Another reason is that a democratic rule implies sharing power
with those who are affected by it and who must live with its consequences. People
have the right to be consulted about how they will be governed.
Forms of Power Sharing
● When power is shared among the various components of government, such
as the executive, legislature, and judiciary, this is referred to the as
horizontal distribution of power. India is one such example.
● Vertical distribution of power also known as the federal government, in
which power is shared within the government but at different levels, such
as a central government for the country and a provincial government for
each state. One such example is the United States.
● Different social groups, such as religious and linguistic groups, may share
power. The Belgian model of ‘community government' is a good example
of this.
● Power-sharing can also be seen in how political parties, pressure groups,
and movements control or influence those in power.
Important Question and Answers
1. What do you mean by a system of ‘checks and balances?
Ans: When power is distributed horizontally, it is shared among the various
components of government,such asthe executive, legislature, and judiciary. Each
organ validates the other organs. As a result, there seems to be a balance of power
among various institutions. This is known as a 'checks and balances system. It
ensures that none of the organs have unrestricted power.
2. What is majoritarianism?
Ans: Majoritarianism is the belief that the majority community should be able to
rule a country in whatever way it deems appropriate, regardless of the wishes and
needs of the minority.
3. How is power-sharing the true spirit of democracy?
Ans: Power-sharing embodies the spirit of democracy because it is one of the
fundamental principles underlying the concept of democratic rule.
● In a democracy, citizens have the right to be consulted on how they
should be governed, and all citizens generally have the same political
and legal rights.
● Each individual and community has a voice in governance through their
elected representatives.
● Power-sharing ensures accommodation while also preventing any
majority group from abusing its authority.
● It strengthens the minority's voice and makes them feel as wanted as
any other majority group in the country.
4. What do you mean by a vertical division of power?
Ans: A vertical division of power refers to the sharing of power between different
levels of government, such as the Central and State governments. Power is
divided between a higher and lower level of government in this system.
5. Which community supremacy was witnessed in post-independence Sri
Lanka?
Ans: The dominant Sinhala community and the immigrant population of Sri
Lanka experienced supremacy after the country's independence in 1948. Through
government favors, the Sinhalese were able to influence the government and
spread their language and culture while demonizing the Tamil language and
culture. They reduced government employment and higher education
opportunities for Tamils.
6. State the three consequences of the majoritarian policies adopted by the
post-independence Sri Lankan government.
Ans: Three consequences of the majoritarian policies adopted by the Sri Lankan
Government are:
● The Buddhist Sinhala leaders were insensitive to Sri Lankan Tamils'
culture and language, leaving them feeling neglected and upset. They
felt that the government was practicing religious discrimination.
● Tamils experienced job and educational discrimination. They believed
that the constitution denied them equal rights and opportunities, which
strained the relationship between the two communities even further.
● Sri Lankan Tamils formed political parties and began campaigns for
equal rights, language recognition, and regional autonomy.
7. What are the principles of a good democracy?
Ans:
● One fundamental principle of democracy is that all political power lies
with the people. The power of any government should not be
concentrated in the hands of a single person or group of people.
● There must be equal respect for all groups, and everyone should be able
to have a say in public policy.
● The government in power should prioritize the fulfillment of the
people's rights and demands, and they should not act arbitrarily
Economics
Ch 1 Development
Download HERE
Ch 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy
Download HERE
Ch 3 Money and Credit
Download HERE
Ch 4 Globalisation and the Indian Economy
Download HERE
Preview the notes of 1st chapter
Revision Notes Class 10
Social Science - Economics
Chapter – 1 Development
1. Introduction
● Developmental goals of any particular idea vary from person to
person.
● Apart from personal development, we should definitely think of a
country's development.
● Development is defined as the people’s economic growth, along
with the growth of their basic needs like education, health, lifestyle,
etc.
● The main aim of development is to update as per the demand of time.
● For example: to generate electricity, a dam is constructed over a river
where nearby mass is considered for construction resulting in the
development of society and country.
● It causes destruction for farmers and the lives of people living
nearby.
2. Income and other goals
● Money is considered to be the basic need of people and to fulfill their
daily requirements making money or income is very important.
● Money is required to buy materialistic things as well as freedom,
security, treatment, respect to maintain a quality lifestyle.
● Hence, developmental goals are necessary to get a better income and
other things in life.
3. National Development
● It is defined as a country’s ability to enhance the living standards of
its residents.
● For people, belief in nations' development is different.
● Improvement in people’s living standards, providing basic things to
citizens like food, education, social service, medical aid, etc, and
increase in per capita income, is referred to as National development.
4. How can you differentiate different countries or states?
● Income is a key feature to compare countries.
● Countries that have higher income are called developed countries
and vice versa.
● The income of a country is about the income of the citizens of that
country.
● National income: it is the sum of the total value of the country’s
goods and services produced in a year. As every country has a
different population rate, so National income cannot be considered
to compare between different countries.
● Per capita income: it is also called average income, defined as a
country's total earnings divided by the whole population. It shows
the living standard of the citizens of the country.
● The average income of the country is the ratio of the overall income
of the country to the overall population of the country.
5. Income and other criteria
● To achieve a goal, people earn more and want respect from others,
the security of their lives, and freedom.
● If we consider per capita in the country’s development, then Goa is
the most developed and Bihar is the least developed state in India.
● Net attendance ratio: defined as the total number of children, the age
group from 14 years attending the school from the total percentage
of children in the same age group.
● Literacy rate: it is the total number of people above 7 years who can
write, read and understand. If the literacy rate is high, then the state
is considered to be developed. Kerala has the highest literacy rate of
96.2% and Andhra Pradesh has the lowest literacy rate of 66.4%.
● Infant mortality rate: it is the total number of children that die in one
year of age as a proportion of 1000 births in a year. It shows how
efficient health facilities are in any country. Kerala has the lowest
infant mortality rate, that is deaths per 1000 live births and Madhya
Pradesh has the highest mortality rate that is 48 per 1000 live births
in India.
6. Human Development Index
● The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) prepares this
● index, in which an annual report of human development is published
every year.
● The major parameters include per capita income, literacy rate, and
durability of a person’s life, which measure the countries’
development.
● Countries are marked as very high, high, medium, and low
developed countries respectively.
● Apart from infant mortality rate, literacy rate, net attendance ratio;
the BMI index also plays an important role.
7. Body mass index (BMI) is measured to measure the adults who are
undernourished by calculating the weight of the person (kg) divided by the
square of the height. If the value is less than 18.5, the person is
undernourished and if it is more than 25, then the person is highly obese.
8. Public Facilities
● Public facilities play a major role in the development of the country.
● These are the facilities provided by the government like schools,
transportation, electricity, hospitals, residences, community halls,
etc.
● These facilities are important as we cannot purchase every major
facility.
9. Sustainable Development
● It is the development that meets all needs of today’s generation.
● It is the development of a nation without affecting the environment.
● To achieve sustainable development, we should use non-renewable
resources such as carbon-based fuel wisely.
Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
1. Write down the features of a developed country? Name the countries
having the highest and lowest per capita income in 2019 (US Dollars).
Ans:
● Any country whose literacy rate, per capita income, and service rate is high,
those countries are called a developed country.
● The per capita income of a country is a measure of its number of people’s
economic output.
● Countries with per capita income having to be $128000 per annum are
called developed countries. Example – Qatar.
● Countries with a per capita income of $800 or less are known as developing
countries. Example: Central African Republic.
2. What is IMR and why is it important? Which state has a high and low
infant mortality rate?
Ans:
● IMR is the total number of children that die within 1 year of age as a
proportion of 1000 births in a year.
● This shows the efficiency of health facilities in a country.
● Madhya Pradesh has a high infant mortality rate of 48 deaths per 1000 live
births and Nagaland has a low infant mortality rate of 4 deaths per 1000
live births.
3. What is India’s per capita income in 2020? Which is the richest state of
India? And which state of India makes more income?
Ans:
● As per the world development indicators, India has $7680 per capita
income.
● Maharashtra is the richest state in India with a nominal GDP of 28.78 lakh
crore.
● Sikkim has the lowest GDP of 0.287 lakh crore.
● Goa has the highest per capita income of $6698 (Rs. 4,30,081)
4. Other than income, what are the other factors that are important for our
lives?
Ans: Important factors for our lives are:
● Safe environment for women at their workplace.
● Freedom, respect, treatment, and security.
● Pollution-free environment.
● Political rights
5. What do you mean by development? Write down the aspect of
development.
Ans: Development is the improvement of citizens' lives in terms of income,
lifestyle, etc.
Major aspects of development are:
● Development for anyone can be destructive for others.
● Different people have different goals in life.
6. Why is average income an essential criterion for development?
Ans: Average income is the basic criteria because it shows the earning of a
person, it also gives a clear idea about the standard of living. The average income
will be less if the number of people who are not working is less.
7. Which neighboring country of India has better performance in terms of
Human development?
Ans:
● Sri Lanka performed better in terms of human development than India.
● Its per capita income is $4390, 91% literacy rate, 93 HDI rank, 74 life
expectancy at birth which is better than India and other neighboring
countries that are Myanmar, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
8. Why do we use averages and what are their limitations? Provide some
examples where the word “average” is used to compare situations.
Ans:
● Averages are used to compare different parameters of the same category,
not people.
● Averages do not provide information about the distribution of a particular
thing between people.
● Example: where the word average is used for comparing situations are:
i) To find out the literacy rates in the country.
ii) Height and weight of students in a class with a total number of
students.
iii) To find the average income of people in the state.
9. “A development for one individual can be destructive for others”. Explain
this statement with two examples.
Ans: Here are two examples are:
● A businessman hires workers, those who are providing them more wages
which is a development for workers, but on the other hand, it gives a loss
for a businessman as he could have hired 2 or more workers at the same
price.
● Industrialists construct apartments and buildings for his/her personal
development and for the nation. These apartments are destructive for
farmers as they could have used this land for irrigation.
HOME
___***The End***___
Download HERE
Chapter 2 Federalism.
Download HERE
Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste.
Download HERE
Chapter 6 Political Parties.
Download HERE
Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy.
Download HERE
Preview the notes of 1st chapter
Class 10 - Social Science (Political Science)
Chapter 1 - Power Sharing
Belgium
● Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the Indian state
of Haryana, and has a population of about one crore which is again half of
the population of Haryana.
● It shares its border with France, the Netherlands, Germany, and
Luxembourg.
● Ethnic diversity in this country is very complicated.
● The Dutch language is spoken by 59% of the country's total population,
French is spoken by 40%, and German is spoken by the remaining 1%.
● In Brussels, Belgium's capital, 80% of the population speak French, while
the remaining 20% speak Dutch.
● The rich and powerful minority French-speaking community benefited
from economic development and education.
● These indifferences created tensions between the Dutch-speaking and
French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.
Sri Lanka
● Sri Lanka has a diverse population like Belgium. It is an island nation
having a population of 2 crores, about the same as in the Indian state of
Haryana.
● The largest social groups are the Sinhala-speakers which form 74% and the
Tamil-speakers who form 18% of the total population.
● There are two subgroups of Tamils: those who are native to the country are
known as "Sri Lankan Tamils," while those whose forefathers during the
colonial period came from India as population workers are referred to as
"Indian Tamils."
● A vast majority of Sinhala speakers are Buddhists, while a vast majority of
Tamils are Hindus or Muslims. There are approximately 7% of Christians
who are both Tamil and Sinhala.
Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka became an independent country in 1948. The Sinhala leaders sought to
secure dominance over the government through their majority.
● An Act was passed in 1956 to recognize Sinhala as the sole official
language of the country.
● In addition, the government used preferential policies to favor Sinhala
applicants for university positions and government jobs. The Sri Lankan
Tamils began to feel alienated as a result of the government's actions.
● A slew of political organizations had emerged by the 1980s, calling for an
independent Tamil Eelam (state) in the country's east and north.
● The mutual distrust between the two communities escalated into
widespread conflict. It rapidly devolved into civil war.
Accommodation in Belgium
The government of Belgium handled the community difference very well.
Belgian leaders amended their constitution four times between 1970 and 1993,
resulting in a new model for government administration. The Belgian model
includes the following elements:
● According to the Constitution, the number of Dutch and French-speaking
ministers in the Central Government must be equal. Some special laws
necessitate the approval of most of the members from each linguistic
group. As a result, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
● The state governments are independent of the Central Government.
● Brussels has a separate government with equal representation for both
communities.
● Community government is the third type of government, in addition to the
central and state governments, that is elected by members of a particular
language-speaking group. This government has authority over cultural,
educational, and language-related issues.
Why is power sharing desirable?
Power-sharing is beneficial because it reduces the likelihood of conflict between
social groups. Another reason is that a democratic rule implies sharing power
with those who are affected by it and who must live with its consequences. People
have the right to be consulted about how they will be governed.
Forms of Power Sharing
● When power is shared among the various components of government, such
as the executive, legislature, and judiciary, this is referred to the as
horizontal distribution of power. India is one such example.
● Vertical distribution of power also known as the federal government, in
which power is shared within the government but at different levels, such
as a central government for the country and a provincial government for
each state. One such example is the United States.
● Different social groups, such as religious and linguistic groups, may share
power. The Belgian model of ‘community government' is a good example
of this.
● Power-sharing can also be seen in how political parties, pressure groups,
and movements control or influence those in power.
Important Question and Answers
1. What do you mean by a system of ‘checks and balances?
Ans: When power is distributed horizontally, it is shared among the various
components of government,such asthe executive, legislature, and judiciary. Each
organ validates the other organs. As a result, there seems to be a balance of power
among various institutions. This is known as a 'checks and balances system. It
ensures that none of the organs have unrestricted power.
2. What is majoritarianism?
Ans: Majoritarianism is the belief that the majority community should be able to
rule a country in whatever way it deems appropriate, regardless of the wishes and
needs of the minority.
3. How is power-sharing the true spirit of democracy?
Ans: Power-sharing embodies the spirit of democracy because it is one of the
fundamental principles underlying the concept of democratic rule.
● In a democracy, citizens have the right to be consulted on how they
should be governed, and all citizens generally have the same political
and legal rights.
● Each individual and community has a voice in governance through their
elected representatives.
● Power-sharing ensures accommodation while also preventing any
majority group from abusing its authority.
● It strengthens the minority's voice and makes them feel as wanted as
any other majority group in the country.
4. What do you mean by a vertical division of power?
Ans: A vertical division of power refers to the sharing of power between different
levels of government, such as the Central and State governments. Power is
divided between a higher and lower level of government in this system.
5. Which community supremacy was witnessed in post-independence Sri
Lanka?
Ans: The dominant Sinhala community and the immigrant population of Sri
Lanka experienced supremacy after the country's independence in 1948. Through
government favors, the Sinhalese were able to influence the government and
spread their language and culture while demonizing the Tamil language and
culture. They reduced government employment and higher education
opportunities for Tamils.
6. State the three consequences of the majoritarian policies adopted by the
post-independence Sri Lankan government.
Ans: Three consequences of the majoritarian policies adopted by the Sri Lankan
Government are:
● The Buddhist Sinhala leaders were insensitive to Sri Lankan Tamils'
culture and language, leaving them feeling neglected and upset. They
felt that the government was practicing religious discrimination.
● Tamils experienced job and educational discrimination. They believed
that the constitution denied them equal rights and opportunities, which
strained the relationship between the two communities even further.
● Sri Lankan Tamils formed political parties and began campaigns for
equal rights, language recognition, and regional autonomy.
7. What are the principles of a good democracy?
Ans:
● One fundamental principle of democracy is that all political power lies
with the people. The power of any government should not be
concentrated in the hands of a single person or group of people.
● There must be equal respect for all groups, and everyone should be able
to have a say in public policy.
● The government in power should prioritize the fulfillment of the
people's rights and demands, and they should not act arbitrarily
Economics
Download HERE
Ch 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy
Download HERE
Ch 3 Money and Credit
Download HERE
Ch 4 Globalisation and the Indian Economy
Download HERE
Preview the notes of 1st chapter
Revision Notes Class 10
Social Science - Economics
Chapter – 1 Development
1. Introduction
● Developmental goals of any particular idea vary from person to
person.
● Apart from personal development, we should definitely think of a
country's development.
● Development is defined as the people’s economic growth, along
with the growth of their basic needs like education, health, lifestyle,
etc.
● The main aim of development is to update as per the demand of time.
● For example: to generate electricity, a dam is constructed over a river
where nearby mass is considered for construction resulting in the
development of society and country.
● It causes destruction for farmers and the lives of people living
nearby.
2. Income and other goals
● Money is considered to be the basic need of people and to fulfill their
daily requirements making money or income is very important.
● Money is required to buy materialistic things as well as freedom,
security, treatment, respect to maintain a quality lifestyle.
● Hence, developmental goals are necessary to get a better income and
other things in life.
3. National Development
● It is defined as a country’s ability to enhance the living standards of
its residents.
● For people, belief in nations' development is different.
● Improvement in people’s living standards, providing basic things to
citizens like food, education, social service, medical aid, etc, and
increase in per capita income, is referred to as National development.
4. How can you differentiate different countries or states?
● Income is a key feature to compare countries.
● Countries that have higher income are called developed countries
and vice versa.
● The income of a country is about the income of the citizens of that
country.
● National income: it is the sum of the total value of the country’s
goods and services produced in a year. As every country has a
different population rate, so National income cannot be considered
to compare between different countries.
● Per capita income: it is also called average income, defined as a
country's total earnings divided by the whole population. It shows
the living standard of the citizens of the country.
● The average income of the country is the ratio of the overall income
of the country to the overall population of the country.
5. Income and other criteria
● To achieve a goal, people earn more and want respect from others,
the security of their lives, and freedom.
● If we consider per capita in the country’s development, then Goa is
the most developed and Bihar is the least developed state in India.
● Net attendance ratio: defined as the total number of children, the age
group from 14 years attending the school from the total percentage
of children in the same age group.
● Literacy rate: it is the total number of people above 7 years who can
write, read and understand. If the literacy rate is high, then the state
is considered to be developed. Kerala has the highest literacy rate of
96.2% and Andhra Pradesh has the lowest literacy rate of 66.4%.
● Infant mortality rate: it is the total number of children that die in one
year of age as a proportion of 1000 births in a year. It shows how
efficient health facilities are in any country. Kerala has the lowest
infant mortality rate, that is deaths per 1000 live births and Madhya
Pradesh has the highest mortality rate that is 48 per 1000 live births
in India.
6. Human Development Index
● The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) prepares this
● index, in which an annual report of human development is published
every year.
● The major parameters include per capita income, literacy rate, and
durability of a person’s life, which measure the countries’
development.
● Countries are marked as very high, high, medium, and low
developed countries respectively.
● Apart from infant mortality rate, literacy rate, net attendance ratio;
the BMI index also plays an important role.
7. Body mass index (BMI) is measured to measure the adults who are
undernourished by calculating the weight of the person (kg) divided by the
square of the height. If the value is less than 18.5, the person is
undernourished and if it is more than 25, then the person is highly obese.
8. Public Facilities
● Public facilities play a major role in the development of the country.
● These are the facilities provided by the government like schools,
transportation, electricity, hospitals, residences, community halls,
etc.
● These facilities are important as we cannot purchase every major
facility.
9. Sustainable Development
● It is the development that meets all needs of today’s generation.
● It is the development of a nation without affecting the environment.
● To achieve sustainable development, we should use non-renewable
resources such as carbon-based fuel wisely.
Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
1. Write down the features of a developed country? Name the countries
having the highest and lowest per capita income in 2019 (US Dollars).
Ans:
● Any country whose literacy rate, per capita income, and service rate is high,
those countries are called a developed country.
● The per capita income of a country is a measure of its number of people’s
economic output.
● Countries with per capita income having to be $128000 per annum are
called developed countries. Example – Qatar.
● Countries with a per capita income of $800 or less are known as developing
countries. Example: Central African Republic.
2. What is IMR and why is it important? Which state has a high and low
infant mortality rate?
Ans:
● IMR is the total number of children that die within 1 year of age as a
proportion of 1000 births in a year.
● This shows the efficiency of health facilities in a country.
● Madhya Pradesh has a high infant mortality rate of 48 deaths per 1000 live
births and Nagaland has a low infant mortality rate of 4 deaths per 1000
live births.
3. What is India’s per capita income in 2020? Which is the richest state of
India? And which state of India makes more income?
Ans:
● As per the world development indicators, India has $7680 per capita
income.
● Maharashtra is the richest state in India with a nominal GDP of 28.78 lakh
crore.
● Sikkim has the lowest GDP of 0.287 lakh crore.
● Goa has the highest per capita income of $6698 (Rs. 4,30,081)
4. Other than income, what are the other factors that are important for our
lives?
Ans: Important factors for our lives are:
● Safe environment for women at their workplace.
● Freedom, respect, treatment, and security.
● Pollution-free environment.
● Political rights
5. What do you mean by development? Write down the aspect of
development.
Ans: Development is the improvement of citizens' lives in terms of income,
lifestyle, etc.
Major aspects of development are:
● Development for anyone can be destructive for others.
● Different people have different goals in life.
6. Why is average income an essential criterion for development?
Ans: Average income is the basic criteria because it shows the earning of a
person, it also gives a clear idea about the standard of living. The average income
will be less if the number of people who are not working is less.
7. Which neighboring country of India has better performance in terms of
Human development?
Ans:
● Sri Lanka performed better in terms of human development than India.
● Its per capita income is $4390, 91% literacy rate, 93 HDI rank, 74 life
expectancy at birth which is better than India and other neighboring
countries that are Myanmar, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
8. Why do we use averages and what are their limitations? Provide some
examples where the word “average” is used to compare situations.
Ans:
● Averages are used to compare different parameters of the same category,
not people.
● Averages do not provide information about the distribution of a particular
thing between people.
● Example: where the word average is used for comparing situations are:
i) To find out the literacy rates in the country.
ii) Height and weight of students in a class with a total number of
students.
iii) To find the average income of people in the state.
9. “A development for one individual can be destructive for others”. Explain
this statement with two examples.
Ans: Here are two examples are:
● A businessman hires workers, those who are providing them more wages
which is a development for workers, but on the other hand, it gives a loss
for a businessman as he could have hired 2 or more workers at the same
price.
● Industrialists construct apartments and buildings for his/her personal
development and for the nation. These apartments are destructive for
farmers as they could have used this land for irrigation.
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